Physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy rehabilitation for stroke patients over a longer period may help recover some function, but patients are commonly left disabled. Preventative measures such as anticoagulant therapy for known causes of stroke, like atrial fibrillation, are far from universal and increase the risk of hemorrhage. Other therapies such as endovascular mechanical thrombectomy have a wider therapeutic window, but the window is still hours rather than days, and the damage from prolonged brain ischemia is often irreversible. The current mainstay of treatment for ischemic stroke is thrombolytic reperfusion through tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) infusion, but the narrow therapeutic window and associated adverse effects have not eliminated stroke as a major cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. ![]() As of yet, primary treatments focus mainly on managing the progression of the disease and treating symptoms rather than curing the underlying causes of many neurological conditions. ![]() The economic and social costs of neurological diseases, such as stroke, cause significant distress for patients, families, and society as a whole. In this review article, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke.Īdvances in medical accessibility, technology, and treatment over the past century have increased the average human life expectancy, but this comes with higher risks for neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. Using current preclinical data, we explore the prominent types of stem cells, the existing theories for stem cell repair, rehabilitation treatments inside the brain, rehabilitation modalities outside the brain, and evidence pertaining to the benefits of combined therapy. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the mechanisms by which stem cells and rehabilitation attenuate this inflammatory process, we hypothesize that a combined therapy will provide better functional outcomes for patients. Indeed, stem cell transplantation offers a promising new approach and may add to current rehabilitation therapies. ![]() Here, we discuss current breakthroughs in stem cell research along with rehabilitation strategies that may have a synergistic outcome when combined together after stroke. Stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation therapy presents an effective stroke treatment.
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